viernes, 12 de octubre de 2007

Dia de la colonización

El 12 de Octubre de 1492 Colón y sus tres conocidísimas embarcaciones llegan a América luego de 72 días de viaje abriendo un capítulo nuevo y sangriento en la historia de las culturas americanas. Pero pasarían varios siglos antes de que se decida “festejar” este dia y nombrarlo “Día de la raza”. Será en 1917, durante la Primera Guerra Mundial y en el marco de la política de "buenos tratos" que Argentina mantenía con España que el presidente Hipólito Irigoyen establecerá a través de un decreto una nueva fiesta nacional denominada “Dia de la raza”. Aquí les suministramos parte del texto original de dicho decreto:

1º. El descubrimiento de América es el acontecimiento más trascendental que haya realizado la humanidad a través de los tiempos, pues todas las renovaciones posteriores derivan de este asombroso suceso, que a la par que amplió los límites de la tierra, abrió insospechados horizontes al espíritu.
2º. Que se debió al genio hispano intensificado con la visión suprema de Colón, efemérides tan portentosa, que no queda suscrita al prodigio del descubrimiento, sino que se consolida con la conquista, empresa ésta tan ardua que no tiene término posible de comparación en los anales de todos los pueblos.
3º. Que la España descubridora y conquistadora volcó sobre el continente enigmático el magnífico valor de sus guerreros, el ardor de sus exploradores, la fe de sus sacerdores, el preceptismo de sus sabios, la labor de sus menestrales, y derramó sus virtudes sobre la inmensa heredad que integra la nación americana. "Por tanto, siendo eminentemente justo consagrar la festividad de la fecha en homenaje a España, progenitora de las naciones a las cuales ha dado con la levadura de su sangre y la armonía de su lengua una herencia inmortal, debemos afirmar y sancionar el jubiloso reconocimiento, y el poder ejuecutivo de la nación:"
Artículo primero: Se declara Fiesta Nacional el 12 de octubre.
Artículo segundo: Comuníquese, publíquese, dése al Registro Nacional y se archive.

Lo que es ese entonces se entendió como “fiesta” hoy es puesto bajo una mirada crítica por políticos, trabajadores de la cultura y ciudadanos que no recuerdan ese día como un “descubrimiento” sino como el primer día de lo que serían matanzas, torturas y sometimientos en pos de destruir una cultura y bajo el lema de la colonización. Esta fecha debe abrir un espacio de reflexión para repensar nuestros orígenes y dislucidar que es aquello a lo que llamamos “raza”.
Por último queremos mencionar ciertos proyectos positivos que han surgido desde la arena política para cambiar la denominación de este dia e intentar cambiar también la conceptualización ciudadana de lo que hoy es un festejo.El primer proyecto al que aludimos es el propuesto por el secretario de Derechos Humanos de la Nación, Eduardo Luis Duhalde para cambiar la denominación de “Día de la Raza” por la de “Día del Encuentro de Civilizaciones”. Otra opción en la misma línea es el de la diputada Alicia Castro que propone declarar el 13 de octubre como el “Día de la Resistencia Indígena y Popular”. Finalmente un tercer diputado, Carlos Tinnirello, presentó otra propuesta para eliminar el festejo del 12 y declarar al 11 de octubre como “Día de la Reivindicación de los Pueblos Originarios.

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